His most recent biographer, the historian Norman Macdougall, argued strongly for late May 1452 at St Andrews, Fife. The place of birth was either Stirling Castle or the Castle of St Andrews, depending on the year. Claims were made that he was born in May 1452, or 10 or 20 July 1451. His exact date and place of birth have been a matter of debate. James was born to James II of Scotland and Mary of Guelders.